What is the difference between a declaration and an affidavit?
Both state facts in writing. An affidavit is sworn or affirmed before an authorised official; a declaration often is not, depending on the system.
Both are written statements in which a person sets out facts they say are true. The main difference is how the truth is vouched for.
Affidavit
An affidavit is sworn or affirmed in front of someone authorised to take oaths, such as a notary or commissioner. That official confirms your identity and that you made the oath. The document then carries their signature or stamp.
Declaration
The word covers several things. A statutory declaration, in some countries, is also made before an authorised witness. In other systems, a declaration is signed by you alone with a statement that it is true under penalty of perjury, and no official is involved.
Which one do I need?
Follow the instructions of whoever asked for it: a court, an agency, an employer or a bank. If they name a specific form or wording, use it exactly.
What they share
- Facts, not opinions or arguments
- Written in the first person
- Signed and dated
- Serious consequences if knowingly false
This is general information, not legal advice. Requirements depend on where you are and who asked for the document. More in declarations explained.